Apollo Hospitals, Hyderguda has developed as a national referral centre for complex lower urinary tract urological problems as well as urinary tract stones. The most recent addition to the armamentarium has been the commencement of retrograde intrarenal surgery and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy. Large and complex kidney stones are managed by specialized procedures including PCNL, mini PERC, rigid and flexible ureteroscopy (RIRS). Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) represents the triumphant convergence of cutting edge medicine and engineering. The Department has recently acquired the Karl StorzFlex-X2 Flexible Ureteroscope and Holmium Urological Laser. Dr Sanjay Sinha, Senior ConsultantUrologist and Transplant surgeon has successfully treated 12 cases using this technology since June 2014.